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civil contract

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civil contract (不依據宗教儀式的)民間契約，世俗約定〔如結婚等的〕。

(不依據宗教儀式的)民間契約，世俗約定〔如結婚等的〕。 “civil“ 中文翻譯：   adj. 1.市民的，公民的；民用的；【法律】民事的；根 ...“contract“ 中文翻譯：   vt.,vi. 1.收縮，緊縮；(使)皺起。 2.(使) ...“civil engineering contract“ 中文翻譯：   土木工程合約“civil liability for breach of contract“ 中文翻譯：   違反合同的民事責任“non-civil service contract staff scheme“ 中文翻譯：   非公務員合約雇員計劃“be civil to“ 中文翻譯：   對…有禮貌,對…謙恭; 通情達理，禮貌地“civil“ 中文翻譯：   adj. 1.市民的，公民的；民用的；【法律】民事的；根據民法的，法律規定的。 2.國內的，國民間的。 3.有禮貌的；文明的。 4.非軍職的，文職的，文官的。 5.非圣職的，非宗教的。 6.歷法規定的。 do the civil 行動鄭重，為人誠懇。 keep a civil tongue in one's head 說話有禮貌。 say something civil 說恭維話，說應酬話。 adv. -ly “a contract“ 中文翻譯：   打一份合同“contract“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.契約，合同。 2.婚約。 3.承包(合約)。 4.【法律】契約法。 5.【牌戲】定約，合約橋牌。 6.〔主英方〕月(季)票。 7.〔美國〕工作，事情。 8.〔美俚〕小恩小惠，賄賂。 It's a bit of a contract. 〔美國〕這是相當難的工作。 a bare contract 無條件契約。 a simple [parole] contract誓約。 a verbal [oral] contract口頭約定。 be built by contract包工建造。 draw up a contract擬定合同。 contract drawing 承包施工圖。 contract system 承包制。 contract work 包工。 make [enter into] a contract with 與…訂約。 put out to contract 包出去，給人承包。 vt. 1.訂(約)，立(合同)；約定。 2.訂婚〔通例用被動語態〕，把…許配給 (to)。 3.結交(朋友等)。 4.招，患(病)，染(惡習)。 5.負債。 contracted a bad cold 得了重傷風。 be contracted to 是…的未婚夫[妻]。 contract an alliance (with) 結盟。 contract a marriage with 與…訂婚。 contract friendship with 與…交朋友。 contract oneself out of 訂立契約免除…，照契約不必…。 vi. 訂約；訂婚；承包。 contracting parties 訂約雙方當事人。 High Contracting Parties [powers] 締約國。 contract for labour and material 包工包料。 vt.,vi. 1.收縮，緊縮；(使)皺起。 2.(使)縮短；(使)縮小。 3.【語法】縮略，縮約。 contract one's brows 皺攏眉頭。 contracting muscles 收縮肌。 “contract in“ 中文翻譯：   保證承擔義務“contract with“ 中文翻譯：   承包“not in contract“ 中文翻譯：   不屬本工程; 不在合同中; 非契約范圍; 未訂合同“on a contract“ 中文翻譯：   在一份合同上面面“on contract“ 中文翻譯：   按合約方式“the contract“ 中文翻譯：   合同; 賣身契; 魔鬼契約; 死亡契約; 天才女殺手“civil building；civil architecture“ 中文翻譯：   民用建筑“civil punishment civil sanction“ 中文翻譯：   民事制裁“a civil action“ 中文翻譯：   法網邊緣; 公民行動; 禁止真相; 漫長的訴訟“a civil answer“ 中文翻譯：   有禮貌的回答“a civil campaign“ 中文翻譯：   平民戰爭，13“a civil case“ 中文翻譯：   民事案“a civil marriage“ 中文翻譯：   (不舉行宗教儀式的)世俗結婚；公證結婚; 世俗結婚“a civil year“ 中文翻譯：   民用年“actions civil“ 中文翻譯：   民事訴訟“aircraft; civil“ 中文翻譯：   民用飛機

The partnership is as a civil contract in “ civil law general rule “ , but in fact the business partnership is indeed encouraged . in “ partner enterprise law “ , the partnership is defined as a “ financial gain organization “ ; however the limited partnership is not approved 《民法通則》以合伙為民事契約，但又事實上地鼓勵合伙人組建商業性合伙； 《合伙企業法》將合伙界定為“營利性組織” ，但對有限合伙卻不予承認。

The partnership is as a civil contract in “ civil law general rule “ , but in fact the business partnership is indeed encouraged . in “ partner enterprise law “ , the partnership is defined as a “ financial gain organization “ ; however the limited partnership is not approved 《民法通則》以合伙為民事契約，但又事實上地鼓勵合伙人組建商業性合伙； 《合伙企業法》將合伙界定為“營利性組織” ，但對有限合伙卻不予承認。

civil day

This article analyses thoroughly that the government ' s purchase act has the nature of judicature and public law , proves comprehensively the advantage and malpractice of applying completely the contract law to the governmental purchase contract . it approaches the relation of public law and private law , administrative law and civil law , tradition al administrative act and civil act , administrative contract and civil contract , and administrative litigation and civil litigation from respects of history and reality , it regards them as something come from same origin and can be linked with each other 本文深入地分析了政府采購行為的私法屬性及兼有的公法屬性，全面地論證了政府采購合同完全適用合同法的優點及弊端，從歷史與現實出發，探討了公法與私法、行政法與民法、傳統的行政行為與民事行為、行政合同與民事合同、行政訴訟與民事訴訟的關系，認為它們是同源的，是可以相通的。

The modern labor law is base on the rule of protection for the employee , with the effect of the particularity of labor contract and the theory of efficient breach there formed the incompletion and inadequence of the employees ' liability for breach contract , and thus lead to the trends of weakened liability which is completely different from the civil contract 摘要現代勞動法以弱者保護規則為根本，在勞動合同的特殊性和“效率違約”理論的影響下，形成了雇員違約責任承擔的不完全性和不充分性，并因此導致了與民事違約責任完全不同的“責任弱化”的態勢。

Bot problem are paid close attention by the scholars of our country , the discussion is concentrate on : ( l ) the character concession is a civil contract or a administrative contract ; ( 2 ) the position of the government special power in the bot investment manners ; ( 3 ) the function of the government in the bot investment manners ; ( 4 ) legislation problem of bot , the scholars that attend the discussion mostly advocate doing a lawmaking to the bot Bot問題近年來受到我國學者的關注，其探討主要集中在： ( 1 )特許協議的性質是民事合同還是行政合同； ( 2 )行政特權在bot投資方式中的地位； ( 3 )政府在bot投資方式中的作用； ( 4 ) bot的立法問題，參與討論的學者幾乎無一例外地主張我國應對bot做專項立法。

The teachers are still statutory employed by the education department at the country level or above . the traditional civil service relationship between the teachers and the state were not altered but were given some new characteristics with a view to encouraging secondary and primary school teachers to do better and more creative work . the teacher contracts are more like administrative or public contracts than labor contracts or civil contracts 在法理上，縣級以上教育行政機關聘任教師并由國家負擔教師工資、確保教師福利待遇實際上是保留了教師與國家的公務關系；教師與教育行政機關在合意的基礎上締結聘任合同，約定除教育教學等國家立法規定之外的工作條件，這類合同具有行政合同的性質而非勞動合同或民事合同。

In this article , the author firstly analyzes the dilemma of the administrative contract in china , then gives the definition of the administrative contract , summarizes its rules of identification . furthermore , on the basis of the emergence and development of the administrative contract , the author reveals special connotation of cultural value , compa ring with traditional administrative act and the civil contract , and suggests some rules and regulations needed to realize the special connotation of cultural value , which mainly are the rules of the privileges of administrative bodies and the rules remedy through administrative legislation in the administrative contract 本文從分析我國行政合同制度困境入手，界定了行政合同的概念，總結了其識別規則，并進一步從行政合同生成發展的歷史背景入手，揭示其與傳統行政行為、民事合同行為相比有何特殊的文化價值內涵，以及為實現該特殊價值所需構建的若干法律制度，主要是行政合同中行政主體特權制度和行政合同訴訟救濟制度。

The government purchase law of our country determines the government purchase contract as complete civil contract . it is an improper choice made under the circumstances that the thinking mode of the public law can not be in harmony with private law and only one of them can be chosen , being indifferent to the important change of mode of the government ' s administrative act , and no space leaven for the governmental purchase contract in the present administrative litigation and procedures 我國的政府采購法將政府采購合同定性為完全的民事合同，完全適用合同法，是在傳統的行政行為理論指導下，是在公法與私法不可相融、二者必居其一的思維定勢中，是在對政府行政活動方式已發生重大變化的漠視中，是在現有的行政訴訟模式與行政程序法中沒有為政府采購合同留下空間的情況下所作的不當選擇。

Real estate service contract and real estate management activities have bigger character in the life relation that adjusted by the civil law , the real estate management relationship belongs to the real estate management service contract relation indeed , the real estate service contract is a kind of new and independent civil contract , we should regard it as a kind of well - known contract to take into the special provision , but can ’ t categorize it as entrust contract simply 物業公司對第三人侵害業主承擔責任的法律關系依據是物業管理關系,而物業管理關系的法律性質并非如有的學者所認為的那樣是委托合同關系,筆者以為物業管理關系實屬物業管理服務合同關系,是一種新型的、獨立的民事合同,應該將其作為有名合同之一種加以特別規定。

College teachers ’ appointment contract is the agreement signed by the teacher and college , based on the equality and party autonomy , consultation and consistency , which makes clear about the bilateral right with the unceasing advancement of our country higher education structural reform , the vertical subordination appointment relations between the teacher and college in the past is being into the horizontal , equal in litigants , equal rights appointment contract legal relationship ; the character of college teachers ’ appointment contract is the special civil contract as the object of labor force commodity providing the education and teaching and the scientific research behavior 高校教師聘任合同是指教師與高等學校之間在平等自愿、協商一致的基礎上所簽訂明確雙方權利義務關系的協議。隨著我國高等教育體制改革的不斷推進,過去那種高等學校和教師之間的縱向的隸屬型任命關系現在正轉化為橫向的當事人雙方地位平等的平權型聘任合同法律關系;高校教師聘任合同性質為一種以提供教育教學及其科研行為的勞動力商品為客體的特殊的民事合同。

Compared with non - standard clauses , there is no place in standard clauses for the parties to negotiate because of the serious imparity of their economic status . however , the inequality can ’ t change the essence of standard clauses and it is still a kind of clause of civil contract in nature 與普通合同條款相比較,格式條款具有不可協商性、雙方當事人經濟地位不平等等顯著特征,但這些特征的存在并沒有改變其性質,就性質而言,格式條款仍然是民事合同條款。

The government contract privilege is the most important feature to differentiate administrative contract from civil contract , it guarantees the administrative organ occupy the leading position in the government contract and safeguard the safety at public interest represented by the administrative organs 行政合同特權是行政合同得以與民事合同區分的最重要的特征，它保證了在行政合同中行政主體居于主導地位，從而保障了行政主體所代表的公共利益的安全。

Compared with the civil contract and the traditional administrative act , the administrative contract is of its own characteristics of the subject , the object and the relation of rights and obligations . based on the above , this article analyzes the legal position of the administrative contract 行政合同與民事合同及傳統意義上的行政行為相比較，在主體、客體和權利義務方面具有自身的特點，在此基礎上分析行政合同的法律定位問題。

The partnership is as a civil contract in “ civil law general rule “ , but in fact the business partnership is indeed encouraged . in “ partner enterprise law “ , the partnership is defined as a “ financial gain organization “ ; however the limited partnership is not approved 《民法通則》以合伙為民事契約，但又事實上地鼓勵合伙人組建商業性合伙； 《合伙企業法》將合伙界定為“營利性組織” ，但對有限合伙卻不予承認。

Because this type of contract ' s great majority takes the obvious administration purpose , comparing with general civil contract , administration contract has the bigger specialty ; its quality and relief have been focus issues 由于這類合同絕大多數帶有明顯的行政目的，與一般的民事合同相比，具有較大的特殊性，其性質及其救濟一直是人們爭論的焦點。

The privilege of the government contract is a new type of administrative power . it is a soft administrative power resulted from the process of administrative power acts on the civil contract 行政合同特權是一種新型的行政權力，它是行政權力作用于民事合同之中，伴隨著行政合同這種雙方行政行為的產生而產生的“柔性”行政權力。

Alternatively , the contracting government agency can itself make a contract as an administrative one by including certain terms not found in private civil contracts 或者，簽署合同的政府機構，通過將私人民事合同中沒有的條款寫入合同，將合同自行變成行政合同。

Postal contract is a kind of civil contract with the characteristic of style - required contract , onerous contract , bilateral contract and related to the third party 郵政合同的性質是民事合同,一般來說其帶有要式合同,雙務有償合同和涉他合同的特征。

So , the treatment of labor contract ’ s valid factors , sanction , invalid effects should have a different criterion from the common civil contract 因此,勞動合同的有效要件、約束力、無效后果的處理必須有著不同于普通民事合同的特殊規范。